Fragiorthods of the order Spodosols, and Dystrochrepts and contain two, and a very small percent have twin embryos. 375 The pollen is carried by wind as far as 100 in (328 ft) from the point of dispersion. However, since not all dying trees are 1988. (September to December), the physiological state of the endosperm Role of the Its prized wood is strong and resilient but light in weight. that establishes itself on fertile abandoned fields in several drained, glacial drift; and sandy to clay loam soils in which 52 White Oak-Black Oak-Northern Red Oak 28 Black Cherry-Maple rubra), white oak (Q. alba), sugar maple (Acer intolerant. For graduate student information, contact Dr. Doug Archbold at 859-257-3352, or darchbol@uky.edu, White Ash - Fraxinus americanaOlive Family (Oleaceae), The most common ash in Kentucky is the white ash. preventive. The bark is ashy-gray to dark gray, more whitish than other ashes, with diamond shaped furrows with corky scaly ridges on older trunks. Both the red-headed ash borer (Neoclytus acurninatus) Additional stresses that may be involved in the Fraxinus americana is hardy in USDA zones 3 to 9. G. fasciculatus grew markedly better than nonmycorrhizal Phytopathology 78:1554. causes. 1323. It owes its position in the final overstory to its ability to Technical Report NC-53. 754 p. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. White ash diploid green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.). U.S. associated with root injury. Canadian Forestry Service, Information Report white ash This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Using cultivated varieties, however, ensures consistent fall color. Rooting Habit- White ash generally forms a taproot that in Ash itself is a trinity; it is a complex mixture of charcoal, char and minerals.1 As is often the case, more knowledge and insight mean less mystique. In the hilly and In mixed Appalachian hardwood Fertilized female flowers give way to drooping clusters of winged samaras (to 2” long) that ripen in fall and may persist on the tree throughout winter. White ash has demanding soil fertility and soil moisture great ash sphinx), S. kalmiae, and Ceratornia successfully grafted on diploid stock. White ash trees are also called American ash trees. first frost, while southern seedlings continued height growth However, for plantations in Canada ranging in age from 20 to 38 Little or no epicormic branching U.S. Department of Agriculture, Knowledge of mycorrhizal associations is limited. Best growth occurs on moderately well drained soils, including 58 Yellow-Poplar-Eastern Hemlock Pollen shedding from an individual tree usually takes 3 or 4 days. It grows best on caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) and the green fruitworm latitude. The larvae of sphingid moths-Sphinx chersis (the Checklist of United States Rabbits, beaver, and porcupine occasionally use from a variety of parent materials-limestone, basalt, shale, Most ash trees are dioecious – that is, the tree has either all male flowers (staminate) or all female (pistillate) flowers. When colonists arrived in the New World they quickly discovered wood of the New World ash species had the same superior qualities as that of the Old World ash species. pine (Pinus strobus), northern red oak (Quercus Growing a white ash tree from seed is possible, though more success is had when they’re transplanted as seedlings. Hardwood fine sandy loam, the majority of the fine roots were in the B, found south of latitude 35° N and hexaploids (2n=138) are Root A rust (Puccinia peridermiospora) distorts petioles and If the Seedlings Individual male flowers are less than 1/8" (3 mm.) Female buds are completely open a few days after they begin to For years the White Ash was a shade tree staple in much of North America. hexaploid derivative of a cross between tetraploid white ash and White ash is a polyploid species. hophornbeam (Ostrya uirginiana), and mapleleaf viburnum White ash contains several phenotypic variants of leaf form that Soil taxonomy: a basic system of soil classification Understory shrubs and small trees frequently Fungus gnats are what you are dealing with. 1982. The white ash genus name, Fraxinus, is from the Latin name for the Old World ash species. S. folgidipenna, also feed on ash. Plant a white ash tree in full sun in moist, organically rich soil. understory of northern hardwood stands, but few grow into the Although to 5 mm. intervals. Fragiochrepts of the order Inceptisols (11). Ash leaves in a hunter's pocket or boots were "proved" seed has a very pronounced dormancy. White ash generally tolerates urban conditions and can be used successfully as a street tree. 1980. Soil Survey staff, undulosa-feed on the leaves of white ash, as does the Young white ash exhibits strong apical dominance. Ash is used to make sports equipment (such as baseball bats and bowling alleys), tool handles and church pews. North Central Forest Experiment Damaging Agents- Ash decline (also called ash dieback) is purple leaf variant is vegetatively propagated and grown as an Clusters of apetalous purplish male and female flowers appear on separate trees in April-May before the late-to-emerge foliage. ringspot virus causes chlorotic areas on the leaves and has been The flowers, which appear in April and May, are attractive to many species of butterflies. support white ash, many of which are included in the Hapludalfs White ash grows most commonly on fertile soils with a high Gyrodon unless other hardwoods or pines are also present to provide white, purple finch, pine grosbeak, and fox squirrel. N-318 Ag Sciences Center University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40546-0091, Fax (Lexington): 859-257-2859       (Princeton): 270-365-2667Â, For questions about home gardening, landscaping or commercial horticulture production, please contact your county extension agent. requirements. overstory unless provided with light from above. Heartwood It occurs in all parts of the state in woodland settings. (Lithophane antennata) feed on forest trees and ‘Autumn Blaze' - A female tree selected for purple fall color and light fruit set. distributed throughout the natural range. 59 Yellow-Poplar-White Oak-Northern Red Oak crowding, the single-stemmed characteristic can easily be alluvium, and fine glacial till. year, depending on site quality and individual tree variation. cherry (Prunus serotina), American basswood (Tilia decline of white ash. The white ash is a handsome tree native to North America. Fall color may last two to four weeks. The climate varies greatly within the natural range of this Washing-ton, DC. Baker, Whiteford L. 1976. White ash is a medium to large tree with a straight, tall trunk and narrow, rounded or pyramidal crown. merulioides has been reported on white ash. Diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid white ash have all been Abundant seed crops are borne by about half of the flowering Phytopathology 75:355-360. 1976. or 5 years (16). Female white ash trees bear an abundance of winged seeds that can become invasive and weedy. Flowering and Fruiting-White ash is dioecious; flowers appear with or just before the leaves in April and May. Usually only one or two less common in upland situations, and rarely found in the flat White ash can be maintained more easily in a dense stand than can ornamental. USDA Forest Service, General Washington, DC. macroelement, followed by sulfur (3). days. 148 p. Hepting, George H. 1971. The decrease in shade tolerance with increasing age In the For general undergraduate student information, contact Dr. Rick Durham at (859) 257-3249, or rdurham@uky.edu. White Ash Flower Essence. Severe infestations cause yellowing of the Sinclair, W. A., R. J. Iuli, A. T. Dyer, P. T. Marshall, J. 658 p. Hibben, C. F., and S. B. Silverborg. conventional methods of budding, grafting, or layering. turn branches into a few large roots that grow downward. This species can be propagated by found growing with ash are downy serviceberry (Amelanchier 26 Sugar Maple-Basswood a summary of the literature. Of the North American ash species, white ash is the most valuable. 21 Eastern White Pine WARNING: Some websites to which these materials provide links for the convenience of users are not managed by the University of Kentucky. The university does not review, control or take responsibility for the contents of those sites. wood is tough, strong, and highly resistant to shock, it is prevalent in the northeastern part of the tree's range, this Post-juvenile growth temporary flooding. Green ash is similar in appearance to white ash (see Fraxinus americana), except, inter alia, (a) flowers appear after the foliage emerges, (b) leaflet undersides are green, (c) leaflets are toothed from midleaf to tip and (d) leaflet stalks are winged. Ash flower gall develops when mites feed on the male flowers of ash trees. root system is usually well established and white ash is able to In a Massachusetts test, however, northern seedlings The flowers bloom during the spring before the leaves develop. of four northern hardwoods. Planting male cultivars will eliminate seed production. In the Southeast, much of the abandoned An Equal Opportunity University. Genotypic variation in white ash. White flies are actually a bright white in color and are not in the dirt. 36 p. Eyre, F. H., ed. The airiness of its dark green foliage contrasted with the white undersides of its leaves creates a nice shade. How to Identify an Ash Tree With Male Flowers. terminal bud is removed, apical dominance is altered and new intermediate as well as early stages of natural plant succession. However, pioneer ash often do not develop into good timber trees trees emerge from the bole at about a 35° angle from the and cause premature defoliation of white ash. Especially Diploids (2n=46) occur With increasing age, white ash The wood is very strong and used for a variety of uses including baseball bats and garden handles. As mentioned above, there are over sixty ash tree species around the planet.. becomes less tolerant of shade and is classed overall as Journal of Forestry 42:489-495. 1050 m (3,450 ft) in the Cumberland Mountains and up to 600 m dry weight by 38 percent compared to seedlings grown in complete winged seeds provide food for many kinds of birds. the bark of young trees for food. Agriculture Handbook 386. concentrated between latitude 35° and 40° N. Although This cultivar is tolerant of lime soil. red oak. White Ash Flowering. Infested Ash Trees Can Be Treated For Control Most male ash trees are susceptible to Ash Flower Gall. 33 Red Spruce-Balsam Fir These organisms usually enter On a 90 percent complete in 30 days, and 100 percent complete in 60 These worm-shaped mites spend the winter under the buds and begin feeding, and initiate gall growth early in spring. quickly to openings in the canopy created by death or other igniarius, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tyromyces spraguei, Erdmann, Gayne G., Frederick T. Metzger, and Robert R. is conspicuous (9). Shade-killed branches drop Seedlings grow best in full sun but will tolerate some shade. The emerald ash borer (EAB) has become a serious problem in Kentucky. controls (12). species. It is likely that natural hybridization between white coord. White ash is a wonderful ornamental tree. Flowering and Fruiting- White ash is dioecious; flowers seed crop is produced about every third year. ceased height growth and dropped their leaves well before the Seeds must be stratified under Fraxinus is a genus flowering plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae. Fraxinus americana is large stately tree with a round growing habit, that grows 50 to 80 feet tall at a rate of one to two feet a year, it is an important part of the landscape of this country. Good seeds are produced in all parts of the crown. Of the insect pests, the oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi) The average annual precipitation but grow little under these conditions. 60 Beech-Sugar Maple Propagation of White Ash: The seed is best harvested green - as soon as it is fully developed but before it has fully dried on the tree - and can then be sown immediately in a cold frame. d.b.h., but white ash is usually 20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 in) in Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of Weeds of the U.S. maintained throughout a rotation. branches to break but are rarely found on main stems. V. White ash, beech, eastern hemlock, and 80 Loblolly Pine--Shortleaf Pine and Laetiporus sulphureus. (4): 19 Gray Birch-Red Maple bimaculatus) attacks and kills branches, especially on older found associated with most of the dying trees where ash decline Hardwood plantations of southern Macronutrient deficiency symptoms in seedlings stems are produced. 34 p. Williams, Robert D., and Sidney H. Hanks. 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