The Brands carried by the stores vary quite a bit. Pad isn’t a huge expense. Are you looking for a new design, or are you replacing existing vinyl flooring? Brands: Can you do the work on your own or do you want to hire professionals? Better options like all NuCore lines have cork underlayment. Each store has one or two featured brands. The core is usually crushed limestone mixed with plastic polymers. This is because, even if the wear layer doesn’t wear through (a warranty issue), it will be scratched, clouded and dirty from wear. The Content Navigation box below allows you to jump to any topic you’d like to research. Planning what direction to install the flooring for the best appearance. Underlayment materials include recycled wood and bamboo fibers, cork, foam and other synthetic materials. It’s easy to install too and comes in a range of different designs. Residential use only. Hallways: Like family rooms, hallways can take a lot of wear-and-tear. With vinyl, you’ll get a resilient flooring material that stands up to everyday use from family members, children and even pets. When it is used: Glue-down flooring only. Vinyl sheet flooring comes in larger 6- or 12-foot widths that are either cut to fit or come in prepared rolls. What it is: Much of the midgrade and premium LVT is produced with attached pad. Please call us at: 1-800-HOME-DEPOT (1-800-466-3337), Please enter in your email address in the following format: you@domain.com. The company behind this site makes and sells NuCore vinyl plank flooring. Planks and tiles run a little more $1.85–$3. Cost includes 5% extra material for trimming and waste, so 2,100 sq. The cost of having vinyl flooring installed will vary based on where you live and what type of vinyl flooring you’ve chosen. Why install vinyl flooring? You will need another saw for door frames, although an oscillating multi-tool will make quick work of those areas. This creates a thin, hard and dent resistant core. Some has a vapor barrier layer too. Synthetic is the most affordable. This is the best part of shopping for luxury vinyl flooring on the site. Vinyl 1 can mimic a wood or tile floor, for a fraction of the cost, and is similar to linoleum 2.Vinyl flooring ranges from $ Use this guide to learn more about how to build your budget and get the new flooring you desire for your home. The flooring is more pliable and thicker. It is polyurethane with crushed lab-created diamonds. Before choosing to install vinyl flooring, you should consider researching all of the various vinyl flooring products, such as luxury vinyl sheets or vinyl floor planks. In the Northwest region where I live, the basic labor cost to install vinyl plank flooring is roughly $2 per square foot. Vinyl Flooring Pictures Ideas. Find here detailed information about vinyl plank flooring costs. Is DIY Vinyl Plank Flooring Installation an Option? Sheet Vinyl Flooring Debris Disposal Costs to load and haul away old materials, installation waste and associated debris. Homeowners who want to install the flooring on their own can cover a 500-square-foot room for as low as $400 including supplies like adhesive and fasteners. The Seconds sold by Floors to Your Home have slight imperfections you probably won’t notice. The costs will vary according to the quality and type of vinyl or linoleum you select. Warranty: Lifetime residential and up to 20 years commercial warranties. For example, luxury vinyl flooring may cost more than standard or thinner vinyl flooring. If you have a vinyl flooring installation project on your to-do list, let Lowe’s lend a helping hand. Vinyl Flooring Cost. Armstrong Vivero Good, Mohawk UniClic 3.4mm and 4.4mm and Glue Down 2.5mm; all Home Decorators Collection. Expect it to look good for up to a decade depending on how much TLC (no shoes, no big dogs, regular cleaning to remove abrasive sand and dirt) it receives. The cost to install vinyl flooring will depend on the following factors: Prepping Contractors should include a price in their quote for moving furniture and prep. There are some bargains, but there’s cheap quality too. It can even go over existing flooring in some cases to help you make a quick, cost-effective upgrade in a powder room or guest bathroom. Obviously cost is one of the most important factors when buying vinyl flooring. Need Help? This table shows sample jobs based on these factors. Narrow down your goals before you start shopping. The next step is to narrow the list, and get estimates from your 3 or 4 top choices. This is premium LVT and LVP, the top of the line for most brands. To help you create your dream home sooner, The Home Depot also offers financial assistance options like project loans and specialty credit cards. Meanwhile the typical cost to install vinyl flooring is somewhere between $780 and $2,600 depends on the type and quality of the product you choose. In commercial settings from moderate to heavy, you can expect 8-15 years of durability. Brands: Armstrong LUXE and Vivero Better; COREtec One, Pro Galaxy and Pro Plus; LifeProof 6 mils and 12 mils; all NuCore; Mohawk UniClic 8 mils and 12 mils; Cali Bamboo Plus and Pro; Shaw Floorte 8 mils and 12 mils, Floorte Pro Plus 12 mils. Q: Is the additional price for waterproof vinyl flooring worth it? In most cases, premium brands will have lines that are comparable to one another in terms of performance and price. There are also values out there for savvy shoppers – good-quality flooring sold for cheap because it is discontinued, for example. Best Use: Busy homes with heavy traffic; Commercial settings with moderate to heavy use. Other projects require accessories. Q: What’s the most expensive tool I will need to purchase or rent to install luxury vinyl flooring? Living rooms: While wood and tile might rule the roost in the living room, vinyl is a cost-effective option that will look great. What it is: This spread adhesive is applied with a roller to permanently adhere the planks to the subfloor. Installation costs are higher with pros, but this is always the best option if you’re not familiar with flooring installation and vinyl flooring materials. Two quick notes before we begin: The cheapest luxury vinyl flooring is often discounted/clearance flooring. Coordinating trim, transition strips and other accessories – if needed. Professional installers consider these factors when putting together an LVT installation estimate. Another budget-friendly and resilient flooring option is vinyl. Cost factors are explained in detail below, but the most important one is who installs the flooring. The Selection is good, with about 270 products. How to install linoleum depends on its form factor, but it’s no different than installing sheet vinyl, luxury vinyl tiles, or engineered flooring.If you are skilled enough, this type of flooring is easy to install as long as your subfloor is solid and the room is prepped according to the manufacturers’ installation Longevity: For do it yourself homeowners, expect the average costs to be $2.65 / sqft for sheet vinyl, and $4.65 per sqft for LVT. Rooms with simple installations and without moldings are less expensive, though they may not provide the look you’re after. Does your house have natural hardwood? Vinyl Tile Flooring Debris Disposal Costs to load and haul away old materials, installation … Warranty: Some has a lifetime residential warranty, but 15-25 years is more common. Access to climate control systems: Rooms with climate control like AC and heat are ideal for vinyl flooring installation. All have good information on Warranty and Installation. If you choose to pay a contractor to install the floor, the cost will rise by around $2.50/sq.ft, bringing the total up to $4.50-$7.50 per square foot. 534 square feet: 0.23625: 0.26875 : Unused Minimum Labor Balance of 2 hr(s) minimum labor charge that can be applied to other tasks. Additional considerations include: The Home Depot offers a stunning selection of vinyl flooring. Selection: Excellent. Cost: 30-85 cents ($0.30-$0.85) per square foot. Vinyl flooring is one kind of synthetic flooring. It costs more. In a commercial setting, expect 5-7 years for an average. With fewer levels of distribution (fewer “middlemen”), the LVP can be sold at a more competitive cost. Products shown as available are normally stocked but inventory levels cannot be guaranteed, For screen reader problems with this website, please call 1-800-430-3376 or text 38698 (standard carrier rates apply to texts), Vinyl Flooring: What You Should Know Before Installation. Furniture removal: Vinyl flooring installation requires a clean, clear space to begin work. Cost: $1.75-$3.00 per linear foot. Cork is soft too. Vinyl flooring is easy to maintain and is hard-wearing – great for high traffic areas. You’ll also need to look for the most durable options in high-traffic areas. Warranty: Usually 5, 10 or 15 years for residential use and no warranty for commercial installation. A: That all depends on your needs. Use our Free Estimates tool for bids from top installers in your area. WPC flooring is “click” flooring, meaning it has interlocking edges that produce a floating floor that doesn’t need glue. Heat and direct sunlight: Long-term exposure to high temperatures can cause swelling in vinyl flooring materials. Bedrooms: From the guest area to your master space, vinyl is becoming a go-to in the bedroom. The national average cost is $1,650 for a room with LVP vinyl. A: Click-lock planks that are part of a floating flooring system are popular for a reason – they are incredibly easy to install. Cork is premium pad with excellent sound-dampening ability. Construction: Stone/polymer LVT costs less than wood/polymer flooring, so much of what’s available in this range is SPC. Exposure to direct sunlight, like in a sunroom, can cause vinyl flooring to fade over time. It is important to research the wear layer before buying any LVT/LVP. Construction: Mostly WPC and vinyl core flooring with attached cork or foam pad. Ultimately, however, your total expenses depend on the type of flooring you choose, the square footage of your space and how much pros are charging in your area. Most vinyl core flooring is interlocking/floating, but some can be glued as well. Best Places to Buy Vinyl Plank Flooring Online, How to Find a Quality Vinyl Plank Flooring Installer at a Fair Price, SmartCore Vinyl Plank Flooring Reviews 2020, Armstrong Ceiling Tiles Reviews and Cost 2020, Metal Ceiling Tiles Reviews and Cost 2020, Faux Tin Ceiling Tiles Reviews and Cost 2020, Acoustical Ceiling Tiles Reviews and Cost 2020, PVC, Vinyl, and Plastic Ceiling Tiles Review and Cost 2020, Styrofoam Ceiling Tiles Reviews and Cost 2020. room costs $1,800 - $2,700, including all materials and professional installation. Amazon has the best Reviews and Ratings section. Average cost to install vinyl plank flooring is about $12,205 (2,500 sq.ft. The advantage is a softer floor; the disadvantage is that it is more prone to dents and gouges. A vinyl or linoleum sheet floor can be installed for as little as $0.84 per square foot and run up to $1.36 a square foot. For vinyl flooring with a hard or rigid core, a circular saw is usually the cheapest option. COREtec makes “better” flooring with a 1.5mm cork pad and “best” flooring with a 3mm pad, the most luxurious available. Costs to install vinyl or linoleum flooring run from $3–$10 a square foot. When it is used: On every stair to give the front edge a finished appearance. Ceramic beads are added to some midgrade and premium luxury vinyl flooring to make the wear layer tougher. What do you get for those vinyl plank flooring prices? Yes, but you don’t want moisture accumulating beneath it, presenting the potential for the growth of mold or for staining the flooring. Vinyl Plank Flooring Prices. Shopping online gives you the best selection and price, and it makes for easy comparison of the products you’re considering. This Goliath isn’t our favorite place to shop for vinyl plank flooring for two reasons: Too many Sponsored results on every page and too many miscellaneous but related items. Sheet vinyl installation starts around $15 a square yard, while vinyl tile installation begins around $1.49 a square foot. But Floor & Decor sells quite a few other Brands including Armstrong, NuCore, Casa Moderna and DuraLux. Where are you planning to install vinyl flooring in your home? What are the LVT/LVP flooring cost factors? Why do you want to install new flooring? Installing all new, good quality floors in a 300 sq.ft. Are you looking for an ultra-modern or more traditional design? Best Use: Residences with moderate to heavy traffic and light-to-moderate commercial settings. Warranties are longer than you should expect the floor to last. The wear layer is the thin, clear layer that covers the design layer of the flooring. When it is used: All floating vinyl plank flooring should have underlayment pad to soften the floor and reduce the noise hard flooring can make. Your installation location will impact your budget and the style you choose. Otherwise, you should hire a local flooring company to do the job. This online megastore has the motto, “Everything home for every budget.”. The biggest problem is with Brands. Some brands make accessories to match their flooring options. That’s a wide margin. Copyright © 2020 Flooringclarity.com All Rights Reserved. If you plan to do it yourself, look for a brand with a lineup of click-lock vinyl flooring. Instead of that they want to install the vinyl material flooring. Quite a bit of luxury vinyl flooring is sold in this price range, though it’s not the most popular range. FAQ Vinyl. It can easily mimic a wooden or tile floor. Premium cork costs the most. Cost To Install Vinyl Flooring. In a living room of average size 20.35m 2, the vinyl flooring will cost between £510 and £710. COREtec 20 mils Plus and Pro; Armstrong Vivero Better and Best; Shaw Floorte Plus 20 & 30 mils and Floorte Pro 20 mils; Mohawk UniClic 20 mils; LifeProof 22 mils; The prices above are for the flooring planks or tiles only. If you have to install pad, it will cost less than 30 cents to about $1 per square foot depending on the material. Vinyl plank flooring installation labor cost is $1.50-$2.75 per square foot for most jobs. Choosing the lowest cost vinyl flooring may leave an unsatisfactory result. However, WPC flooring can be glued down – and should be glued in direct sunlight and for commercial use. Yes, especially a floating floor or peel and stick. How much does vinyl plank flooring cost? Stairs should definitely, for the sake of appearance and safety once installed, be left to pros, in our opinion. As you step up in quality, you step up in price, too. Totals - Cost To Install Sheet Vinyl Flooring : Average Cost per Square Foot Are you shopping for extra-durable flooring that will last for years? The cheapest vinyl floor tiles are self-sticking tiles in the standard 305 x 305mm format. If you’re installing carpets, sometimes artisans will lay the carpet on top of existing flooring. There are many people who want to remove and change their old and traditional flooring. If you’ve shopped Amazon enough, you know about those distractions. There are more than 50 brands, but most have only a few options-about 200 total styles across those 50 brands. Cost: $35-$50 per gallon. But what is the full cost of vinyl flooring installation in the UK, and is it something you could easily do yourself? Family rooms: Family spaces need reliable flooring. Generally considered a commercial flooring, it can be used in residences too. It is durable as well. Find here detailed information about vinyl roll flooring costs. There are three types of core: Stone polymer, wood/polymer and rigid vinyl. Take note of your goals. Every manufacturer has a few collections in this range. The best has a list price above $6. Most allow you to shop online and pick it up in the store, which often saves shipping charges. Color, Customer Rating, Brand and more. You can even mimic the look of natural hardwood without the cost and expense of difficult maintenance. Having been in a new-build for the past 7 years, I’m looking for something inexpensive to … Have experience with LVT/LVP or are handy and enjoy acquiring new skills. DIY installation is free, except for tools you might need to purchase. A: Not necessarily. If your hallway has an average size of 5m 2, the vinyl flooring will cost between £130 and £180. Many of the factors below are about quality. That’s an overwhelming number, but Wayfair offers excellent Filters that are easy to use to pinpoint your search. Our search “luxury vinyl flooring” turned up 690 results. The average cost to have vinyl flooring installed is around $3.95 / square foot, installed by a local professional. Quality of the materials used and the quality of the construction are the biggest factors. Selection: Good. Longevity: 10-15 years for residential use and 7-12 years for commercial use depending on traffic and maintenance. Flooring cost calculator Factors affecting vinyl flooring costs. However, everyone needs a good place to start. A floor that needs to be leveled requires more work and cost than a flat floor. As such, national averages for vinyl plank installation in a standard 2,500 sq. They are prescreened to be sure they are licensed and experienced. Cost does include mid-grade vinyl tile, adhesive, and sealant. Full Service is Great Floors making it easy: We’ll remove your old carpet, put back your baseboards, trim your doors, move your furniture AND install your new flooring! Is easy-to-clean flooring essential for a high-traffic space? There are so many installers in most areas, it can be a headache research them, make lots of calls, wait for sales agents to get back to you and set up appointments. Once you have the estimates, review the qualifications and online reviews of each company, and choose one you believe offers quality installation at a good price. Most are sold in 8’ to 12’ strips to be cut to size. Having a plastic core with no wood in the planks is a plus, but you will still have an expensive issue on your hands if water reaches the subfloor. Things to Consider Before Installing Vinyl Flooring. Vinyl plank flooring prices come down to much more than the retailer, so it’s important to balance your flooring requirements with your budget. Longevity: 5-10 years. While there are bargains on the cheap end and overpriced flooring at the high end, you mostly get what you pay for. Vinyl plank flooring installation cost is $1.50-$2.75 per square foot for most jobs. Cheaper flooring options such as laminate, carpet, vinyl or linoleum cost as little as $1.5-4 per square foot. Glue-down flooring is really pretty easy too, when the Installation Guide provided with the flooring you purchase is closely followed. This is best left to professionals unless you have experience. What it is: These are strips of wood, synthetic or metal material that are fastened to the subfloor. Again, how heavy it gets used and how well it is cared for make the difference. Removal of old flooring: In some cases, vinyl flooring can be installed over an existing floor. While vinyl is incredibly durable, it’s always a good idea to check and see what the manufacturer of a specific type of vinyl flooring recommends. We’ll coordinate with trusted professional independent installers in your area to help install your vinyl flooring. If so, please consider sharing it on social media. COREtec is the leading brand for commercial-grade SPC flooring. Vinyl Sheet Reviews: Prices, Best Brands, Installation Cost 2020, EarthWerks Vinyl Plank Reviews and Prices 2020, Cheap Vinyl Plank Flooring Options & How to Cut Cost on Installation, Cheap Vinyl Plank Flooring – Up to $1.39 per Square Foot, Basic Vinyl Plank Flooring – $1.40 to $2.39 per Square Foot, Better Vinyl Plank Flooring – $2.40 to $3.99 per Square Foot, Best Vinyl Plank Flooring –$4.00 per Square Foot. Cost factors are explained in detail below, but the most important one is who installs the flooring. Labor Cost To Install Vinyl Plank Flooring. It is installed with slight overlap and the seams sealed with waterproof tape. Armstrong has a wear layer called Diamond 10 Technology. Choosing the right underlayment or vapor barrier and supplies, if needed (and knowing whether they’re needed). Share this: Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) Vinyl plank flooring installation cost is $1.50-$2.75 per square foot for most jobs. The quality may not be the best at this price and you will have a limited range to choose from. That’s what this vinyl installation cost guide helps with: finding a place to start. But LVP is waterproof, right? The best part of the Build Direct site is the helpful information and guides. A floor with a lifetime residential warranty might be ready for replacement in 12 years. In this section, where mils are mentioned, the reference is to the thickness of the wear layer. Home office: Rugged and stylish, vinyl plank and vinyl sheet flooring will blend in beautifully in a home office setting while helping to keep costs down. The actual cost of this type of flooring is … We sell these products at 50-75% off their original retail selling prices.”. These questions and many more are covered here in the most detailed and accurate Vinyl Plank Flooring Buying Cost Guide available. Doing this work on your own, if possible, can help cut down on costs. Wood/polymer core (WPC), or wood-plastic core, is wood dust or bamboo dust mixed with polymers. Decor and texture: To make the most of your new vinyl flooring, you’ll want to work with existing elements in your home. Keep in mind that does not include: removal of existing floor, installing transitions, remove & replace wall base, etc. ft. for a 2,000 sq. Another option is vinyl plank click-lock installation, which starts around $1.99 per square foot. no warranty. Recommended underlay, glue or other supplies are often shown. Average Cost: $1.89-$2.19 per square foot. Removing old flooring: When getting quotes to install new flooring, you must consider your current flooring and if it will need to be removed completely. For example, LifeProof comes with thin plastic padding. Room size: Room size plays an obvious role when it comes to the overall cost of a vinyl flooring installation. If you’re totting up the cost of vinyl plank flooring, you should work on a price of approximately $2-$5 per square foot. Stone/polymer core (SPC) is also called stone-plastic core. There’s a faster, more convenient way to get written estimates. It’s particularly smart in less formal living rooms where you entertain friends and spend time with family. Flooring with a prorated warranty costs less than one with full coverage for the length of the warranty. Reported by: ProMatcher Research Team See the Chattanooga Vinyl Flooring Installation Cost Report The cost to install vinyl flooring fluctuates by location, flooring type, and contractor. Average Cost: $4.19-$5.29 per square foot. Given the price of products with 20 to 30mil wear layers, it’s wise to consider the traffic in the areas where the flooring will be installed. They include FAQs, Installation How-to, Vinyl vs Laminate and Vinyl Reviews. Each has similar filters to narrow your search. Flooring with an SPC core is 2mm to 4mm thick. Construction: Most are WPC or vinyl core floors, but quality SPC lines are found here too. In some cases, you may need to purchase some additional plywood. Very light commercial use, for those brands with a commercial warranty. This is a general rule. Warranties indicate what the manufacturer thinks of the flooring. For a bedroom with an average size of 13.65m 2, the materials will cost between £340 and £480. Sheet linoleum costs about $4 per square foot to install while sheet vinyl … They have slots in the sides for flooring to fit into. Brands: Among cheap lines are Mohawk 2mm Glue Down, cheap TrafficMaster at Home Depot, cheap Style Selections at Lowes and similar. ft. home. Here are a few examples. Luxury vinyl plank flooring price is mostly determined by how it is made and how well it is made, but there are a few other factors affecting cost. On average, installation cost ranges from $1.99-4/sq.ft ⭐ Best Flooring … When it is used: When two flooring types meet, a transition strip is required to hide the seam. Are comfortable using various hand tools and a miter saw/chop saw. Some has attached pad. What kind of shape is your floor in? Bathrooms: Waterproof vinyl is a smart choice for bathrooms with tubs and showers. This is the most popular category of LVT and LVP. Installation pattern: Patterned work costs more than single-style installation. Flooring generally sells for less when there is a direct relationship between the manufacturer and the seller. This flooring costs the least. What it is: The piece of material on the front edge of a step is called a nose, nosing or bullnose. Large rooms require more materials and more man hours to complete. Vinyl core LVT and LVP is usually 5mm to 10mm thick. The cost to install vinyl flooring ranges from $1,000 to $4,500, with an average cost of $2,200. © 2000-2020 Home Depot Product Authority, LLC. This will cost approximately $2 to $4 per square foot in material and $2 to $2.50 in labour, assuming your subfloors are intact. Best Use: Quick fixes to sell a home or for use in low-traffic areas like a guest bedroom, vacation home and “no-shoes” areas. In a climate controlled room, your new floors won’t be subject to regular swelling and shrinking when the weather changes. Brands include Shaw, Armstrong, Mohawk, Tarkett, Mannington, Allure, Montserrat and 30+ more. Unique product considerations: Vinyl flooring manufacturers all have different instructions for use and care. Use this guide to learn more about the costs associated with having vinyl plank or vinyl sheet installed in your home. Mostly wood looks in basic textures. To get free estimates from local contractors, click here. We hope this Vinyl Plank Flooring Cost Guide has helped you understand costs and estimate how much you’ll pay for flooring. The wear layer is the first line of protection for your flooring, but thicker isn’t always better. A few cheap lines have a prorated warranty – the company pays less and less of the replacement cost as time goes on. 4 factors affecting the cost to install laminate flooring and other flooring types. Finally, Build Direct doesn’t carry any premium LVT options. Home Depot has exclusive TrafficMaster and Home Decorators Collection LVT. Licensed, certified, and vetted with background checks, our professional installers show up wearing an official Home Depot badge, so you’ll know we sent them. It seems like that would produce a better wear layer, but this is a newer product, so time will tell. Q: How much does the quality really vary between the top manufacturers? Much of the WPC lines have pad attached. If it’s WPC, it is either clearance or very poor quality. Overall, the shopping experience is easy and enjoyable at Wayfair. They know they are competing to get your flooring project. The layout at Lowes is the clearest and easy to use, in our opinion. Most online sellers have random lines in this price range. Here are five great options for shopping for vinyl plank flooring online. Really! DIY installation is free, except for tools you might need to purchase. The plastic material is offered in a variety of styles, from planks to sheeting to tiles. Sheet vinyl is ideal for high-moisture rooms like bathrooms. What it is: Vapor or moisture barrier is a waterproof layer of material used to protect the flooring from moisture below. If your room needs it, installers will handle sanding and leveling at an additional cost. Construction: There’s a mix of core types. However, attached pad saves that step of installation. 8-12 years is typical in a residential setting. home, mid-range vinyl roll flooring). Like vinyl tile, wood vinyl flooring is also waterproof. Some LVT is overpriced. Vinyl thickness: Thicker vinyl flooring material can wear better over time. Q: Even though the wear layer affects the price, is it better to spend more for flooring with the thickest wear layer? If there is no pad attached, see the installation guide for whether it is required or at least allowed. For jobs with no stairs, the hardest part comes before you start to install the flooring. Molding, trim and transitions: The hours spent working with molding, trim and transitions are less cost-effective from a labor standpoint because they require greater attention to detail. Average Cost of Vinyl Flooring Installation. These steps are vital for a successfully completed job: The Installation Guide for your flooring will prove valuable for these steps. Higher up-front costs are typically associated with thick vinyl flooring, but this price difference is often nominal. In other situations, you’ll need to remove the old floor before work can begin. For most homeowners, understanding the cost to install vinyl flooring, whether it’s vinyl plank or vinyl sheet, is essential. Brands: A: It’s generally the saw unless you buy extremely thin vinyl that can be scored and cut cleanly with a utility knife. Labor costs can be affected depending how the installers lay the flooring down; however, material costs in general are roughly the same on average. Cost does not include moving furniture, removal of existing floor, and subfloor installation.