[28], In order to free up the legions there, the Kingdom of Judaea was divided among the sons of Herod the Great. As Phraates was not willing to go to war, he agreed to evacuate Armenia and abandon his brothers who were still in Roman captivity. Gaius is an archaic Latin name and one of the earliest Roman praenomina. [note 1][30], Friends of Augustus had hoped that he would abandon his plan of sending Gaius to the east but, faced with the troubles in the east, he persisted with the plan and dispatched Gaius to Syria at the beginning of 1 BC. The next year, Augustus made him a pontifex, and granted him the right to attend senate meetings, behold spectacles, and to be present at banquets with senators. [60], Both Tacitus and Cassius Dio suggested foul play may have been involved in the death of Gaius and Lucius and that Gaius's step grandmother Livia may have had a hand in their deaths. Though contemporary writers sometimes referred to him as "Gaius Caesar," the name's historical usage was not the same as it is in the 21st century. The name of the dictator Julius Caesar—Latin script: CAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR—was often extended by the official filiation Gai filius ("son of Gaius"), rendered as Gaius Iulius Gai filius Caesar. Caesar then pursued Pompey to Egypt, where Pompey was soon murdered. Gaius Julius Caesar is a minor antagonist from Reincarnation no Kaben.He is one of the five elite generals of The Sinners Organization and also one of the original members of the organization itself alongside Kouu, Charlotte Corday, Adolf Hitler, Pol Pot and Albert DeSalvo. Suetonius further wrote that Tiberius wrote to the Emperor that Lollius be replaced. (The letterform Æ is a ligature, which is often encountered in Latin inscriptions, where it was used to save space, and is nothing more than the letters "ae".) [26] The governor of Syria, Varus, was forced to bring in the legions from Syria to restore order. The aurei and denarii issued in 13–12 BC made clear the Emperor's dynastic plans for Gaius and Lucius. [25] Caesar displayed an elephant above the name CAESAR on his first denarius, which he probably had minted while still in Gallia Cisalpina. [37][38], On his way to Syria, Gaius met with Tiberius, who had abandoned politics and retired to Rhodes. In 2 BC, Julia the Elder was forced into exile after she had received a letter in Tiberius' name. In: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Julius_Caesar_(name)&oldid=984509822, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from Citizendium, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 October 2020, at 13:23. Är isch vo Brutus u republikanisch gsinnte Senatore erschdoche worde, wo Angscht gha hei, dass är wet König vo Rom wärde. bce , Rome [Italy]—died March 15, 44 bce , Rome), celebrated Roman general and statesman, the conqueror of Gaul (58–50 bce ), victor in the civil war of 49–45 bce , and dictator (46–44 bce ), who was launching a … Gaius Julius Caesar (/ ˈ s iː z ər / SEE-zər, Latin: [ˈɡaːi.ʊs ˈjuːli.ʊs ˈkae̯.sar]; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.. Gaius Julius Caesar was the name of several members of the gens Julia in ancient Rome. [59] The deaths of both Gaius and Lucius, the Emperor's two most favored heirs, led Augustus to adopt his stepson Tiberius and his sole remaining grandson Postumus as his new heirs on 26 June 4 AD. [12], That year his family left for the province of Syria, because Agrippa was given command of the eastern provinces with proconsular imperium maius. [42], Preparations for the war continued into the spring and summer of 1 AD, at which point there had been a successful breakthrough in negotiations. The assassination of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by many Roman senators led by Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, and Marcus Junius Brutus. On his mother's side, he was the oldest grandson of emperor Augustus. Various reasons, such as an attempt by Rome to control the incense trade, have been suggested but never proven. While Caesar hailed from Roman aristocrats, his family was far from rich. the identification of Vediovis with Iuppiter and Apollo (see above; A later Republican inscription mentions a member of the Julian family named K(AESO) IVLIVS (. [62], Son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder, Emperor Augustus' only daughter (20 BC-AD 4), Cassius Dio reports that, after the games, Gaius was given command of the legions on the Ister (. [57], While Gaius was in Armenia, his brother Lucius had been sent by Augustus to complete his military training in Spain. [19], Many honors were heaped upon Gaius by citizens and city officials of the Empire, including Colonia Obsequens Iulia Pisana (Pisa), where it was decreed that proper rites must be observed by matrons to lament his passing. Late in 48 BC, he was appointed dictator again, with a term of one year. [39] Suetonius wrote that it was Lollius' growing influence that compelled Tiberius to plead with Augustus for his return to Rome. Compare the Hungarian, Slavic and Turkish words for "king", forms of kral, all adapted from Karl, the personal name of Charlemagne. Approximately eighteen months later, Gaius died of an illness in Lycia. There were few the Emperor trusted to settle matters in the east, but he was confident Gaius could. He was a writer, known for La conquête des Gaules (1923) and Caesar the Conqueror (1962). However, as soon as he recovered, Augustus began to show he favored his nephew, Marcus Claudius Marcellus, then just 19. Before Rome could deal with the Parthians in Armenia, it would first need to make its Syrian legions available, which were still tied down in Palestine. [2] (That is, the s between vowels did not change to r.) Using the Latin alphabet as it existed in the day of Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC) (i.e., without lower case letters, "J", or "U"), Caesar's name is properly rendered GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR (the spelling CAIVS is also attested and is interchangeable with the more common GAIVS; however the letter C was used with its antique pronunciation of [g], as it was an adaptation of Greek gamma). While there, he fell ill and died on 20 August 2 AD in Massalia, Gaul. At the age of twenty-three, the young man whom the Emperor considered his heir and sole hope of prosperity had abandoned his prospects of reputation and power in a wild fit of despair and fear. On March 15, 44 B.C. The adoption of the boys coupled with the games served to introduce a new era of peace – the Pax Augusta. His family were closely connected with the Marian faction in Roman politics. [30][53] The eastern campaign had proven severe: his health was weak and his mental balance unstable. [42][51] The death of Lollius was fortunate to Tiberius, after which Gaius consented to his return to Rome and consequent return to Roman politics. To commemorate his brief life, a cenotaph was erected on the Limyrus River at Limyra in Lycia. Apart from using the elephant as a claim for extraordinary political power in Rome,[26] the coin is an unmasked allusion to this etymology of the name and directly identifies Caesar with the elephant, because the animal treads a Gallic serpent-horn, the carnyx, as a symbolic depiction of Caesar's own victory.[27]. [34] The identification of the cognomina Kaeso and Caesar was indeed supposed by Pliny, but is—according to Alföldi (1975)—unwarranted.[35]. The Aurelii Cottae had been plebeian nobles from the mid-3rd century BC, when two ancestors attained the consulship. Gaius Iulius Caesar (limba latină: IMP•C•IVLIVS•CAESAR•DIVVS 1; n. 13 iulie, ca. He had to be carried away by his outraged lieutenants. He would experience an accelerated political career befitting a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, with the Roman Senate allowing him to advance his career without first holding a quaestorship or praetorship, offices that ordinary senators were required to hold as part of the cursus honorum.[1]. Gaius Julius Caesar (Classical Latin: [ˈɡaː.i.ʊs ˈjuː.li.ʊs ˈkae̯.sar]; 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), known as Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. Gaius Caesar was consul in AD 1 and the grandson of Augustus, the first emperor of the Roman Empire. [50][61], Gaius was played by Earl Rhodes in the 1976 TV series I, Claudius. Before the introduction of the letter 'G' into the Latin alphabet, i.e. [54][55] At first the wound did not seem serious and he was able to complete the pacification of Armenia, a relatively easy task. They had two daughters, known as Julia Major and Julia Minor, and a son, Gaius, who was born in 100 BC. A longer version can also be found, however rarely: Gaius Iulius Gai(i) filius Gai(i) nepos Caesar ("Gaius Julius Caesar, son of Gaius, grandson of Gaius"). Augustus taught Gaius and Lucius how to read, swim, and the other elements of education, taking special pains to train them to imitate his own handwriting, mostly by himself. He in turn arranged a marriage for his son Gaius to Aurelia Cotta, a daughter from the Cotta branch of the gens Aurelia. Caesar presided over his own election to a second consulship and then, after eleven days, resigned this dictatorship. Members of the Julian family later connected the name Iulus with ἰοβόλος ("the good archer") and ἴουλος ("the youth whose first beard is growing"). Augustus immediately adopted both Gaius and Lucius from their father by a symbolic sale, and named both Gaius and Lucius his (personal) heirs. [17], Gaius was elected consul designatus by the Comitia Centuriata in 6 BC with the intention that he should assume the consulship in his twentieth year. The old spelling remained valid in later times and existed alongside Gaius, especially in the form of the abbreviation C. The only known original Roman etymology of Gaius is expressed as a gaudio parentum,[9] meaning that the name Gaius stems from the Latin verb gaudere ("to rejoice", "to be glad"). [6] Suetonius also speaks of the additional cognomen Pater Patriae,[7] which would render Caesar's complete name as Imperator Gaius Iulius Caesar Pater Patriae Divus. Gaius was one of the three praenomina regularly used by the Julii Caesares, the others being Lucius and Sextus. [13] Four years later, in 13 BC, Gaius took part in the Trojan games with the other patrician youths at the dedication of the Theatre of Marcellus. Livilla was the daughter of Drusus the Elder and Antonia Minor. However, Marcellus died of an illness that had spread throughout the city of Rome that year. [18][19] Roman support for the young prince soon spread through Italy;[20] statues and inscriptions were set up in every district to commemorate the fact that he had been nominated as a consul at an unprecedented age of fourteen. It proved to be a trick, and Gaius was wounded in the confrontation. Their father was no longer available to assume the reins of power if the Emperor were to die, and Augustus had to make it clear who his intended heirs were in case anything should happen. Lucius, three years his junior, was granted the same honors after the appropriate interval had elapsed. The name Caesar probably originated in Italy from a dialect of Latium which did not share the rhotacism of the Roman dialect. In order to prepare Gaius for his encounter with the Arabs, Juba wrote him a treatise. [10] Some have linked the name to an unknown Etruscan phrase, others to the gentilician name Gavius, which possibly might have lost the medial v in the course of time. Julius Caesar, in full Gaius Julius Caesar, (born July 12/13, 100? He, himself, as soon as there began to be plenty of forage, came to the army. 2Alarmed by these tidings and letters, Caesar levied two new legions in Hither Gaul, and, at the beginning of summer, sent Q. Pedius, his lieutenant, to conduct them further into Gaul. [60] The caskets containing their ashes were stored in the Mausoleum of Augustus alongside those of their father Agrippa and other members of the imperial family. This year, monuments were raised to him and to his brother as the son of Ares or as Ares himself. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.. It is often seen abbreviated to C. IVLIVS CAESAR. [29], Before leaving for the east, he and his brother Lucius were given the authority to consecrate buildings, and they did, with their management of the games held to celebrate the dedication of the Temple of Mars Ultor (1 August 2 BC). 2 Quas legationes Caesar, quod in Italiam Illyricumque properabat, inita proxima aestate ad se reverti iussit. One half remained under Archelaus, while the other half was subdivided between his brothers, Antipas and Philip. With his charismatic leadership, his powerful intellect and his magnetic personal charm, Julius Caesar became the idol of men and women everywhere. However, his most defining trait is the fact that he is extremely overweight, an oddity amongst Heroic Spirits. Proposed e.g. Gaius Julius Caesar (102 B.C 44 B.C.) Är het under anderum Gallie eroberet, d Helvetier unterworfe, de römisch Bürgerchrieg gwunne u Ägypte eroberet. It was the full name (tria nomina) of the dictator Julius Caesar, as well as other prominent men of the Roman Republic, including the dictator's father and grandfather. before the censorship of Appius Claudius Caecus in 312 BC,[8] the name was only written as Caius. [32] Lollius' rivalry with Tiberius continued even after Gaius and his entourage reached Syria. The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). Exactly where and for what purpose remains uncertain, though Pliny mentioned it in connection with Aelius Gallus' exploits in South Arabia. He died on March 15, 0044 in Rome. In 1 BC, Gaius was given command of the eastern provinces, after which he concluded a peace treaty with King Phraates V of Parthia on an island in the Euphrates. Livia's presumed motive may have been to orchestrate the accession of her own son Tiberius as heir to Augustus. [5] After his senatorial consecration as Divus Iulius in 42 BC, the dictator perpetuo bore the posthumous name Imperator Gaius Iulius Caesar Divus (IMP•C•IVLIVS•CAESAR•DIVVS, best translated as "Commander [and] God Gaius Julius Caesar"), which is mostly given as his official historical name. From every corner the young consul was visited by envoys offering requests and paying homage. [40], The next year, on 1 January, he entered the consulship in absentia with his brother-in-law, Lucius Aemilius Paullus, in accordance with the decision of 6 BC which named him consul designate. A large force of rebels had occupied the fortress in the city of Artagira. This etymology is commonly seen as incorrect, and the origin of Gaius is often stated as still unknown. [11] Shortly after their adoption in the summer, Augustus held the fifth-ever Ludi Saeculares ("Secular Games"). He is always seen wearing a … Andreas Alföldi: "Review of St. Weinstock, Divus Julius". 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