© 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. It is suggested that when customers' exposure to weather or climate risk can be quantified, such more generalized measures of skill should be used in assessing the performance of an operational NWCP system. . Even in the case of a prescribed annual cycle only (i.e., no ENSO), the What a grid offers will vary depending upon the size of the implementation. These results are of interest to researchers and policy makers in the fields of climate dynamics, agricultural production, and environmental management. The simulation of the response of the shortwave forcing in the T85 CAM3 is considerably improved, though the negative response over the equatorial Pacific is still not strong enough compared to ERBE observations. We describe the design of both this framework and a striped GridFTP server constructed within the framework. indications are of the same nature in a city and either in its The existence of open source tools and a spectrum of inexpensive hardware options (e.g. There is a strong tendency for positive anomalies to occur during the first half of the ENSO cycle, negative during the second half. Using this, it is possible to relate analytically, potential economic value to conventional meteorological skill scores. . We analyzed measurements of over 330,000 hosts participating in a volunteer computing project. Through presenting cloud and grid computing this paper This paper discusses the challenges of executing a long-term application on a computational grid, which generates the climatology of the atmospheric numerical model BRAMS (Brazilian development on Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) using ensemble members. The NCCS links ESGF to data from NASA and NOAA climate/weather models originating from: NASA Goddard’s Global Modeling Assimilation Office (CMIP5 Considering these findings with those highlighted in our companion paper, we note that advancements in computation, host models, system identification algorithms as well as remote sensing and data assimilation products can facilitate improved representations of water resource management at larger scales. and the strengths and weaknesses are discussed in the context of specified sea Surface temperature and fully coupled model simulations. Randall, D.A., Wood, R.A., Bony, S., Colman, R., Fichefet, T., Fyfe, J., Kattsov, V., Pitman, A., Shukla, J., Srinivasan, J., Stouffer, R.J., Sumi, A., Taylor, K.E., 2007. Computational jobs and data placement are handled concurrently. WRF4G provides a flexible design, execution and monitoring for a general class of scientific experiments. Assessment of the Benefits of Extending the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission: a Perspective from the Research and Operations Communities. thus its porting to the Grid at production level has been proved to be a challenging endeavour. On inclusion of water resource management in Earth system models Part 2: Representation of water supply and allocation and opportunities for improved modeling, Seasonal Ensemble Forecasting Application On Dependable Sumegha Scientific Cloud Infrastructure, Challenges for mesoscale climatology execution on experimental grid computing systems, Distributed computation of large scale SWAT models on the Grid, High-performance computing tools for the integrated assessment and modelling of social–ecological systems, Parallelization framework for calibration of hydrological models, Large-Scale, High-Resolution Agricultural Systems Modeling Using a Hybrid Approach Combining Grid Computing and Parallel Processing, Seasonal Forecast Modeling Application on the GARUDA Grid Infrastructure, A study of changes in rainfall and temperature patterns at four cities and corresponding meteorological subdivisions over coastal regions of India, Building Model as a Service to support geosciences, Regional Climate Simulations on EU-INDIA Grid Infrastructures: Methodologies and Performance, SPATIOTEMPORAL MODELING FOR ASSESSING COMPLEMENTARITY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEMS, Une approche automatisée basée sur des contraintes d'intégrité définies en UML et OCL pour la vérification de la cohérence logique dans les systèmes SOLAP : Applications dans le domaine agri-environnemental, Experiences with distributed computing for meteorological applications: grid computing and cloud computing, Seamless management of ensemble climate prediction experiments on HPC platforms, Reducing Time Delays in Computing Numerical Weather Models at Regional and Local Levels : A Grid-Based Approach, Experiences with distributed computing for meteorological applications: Grid computing and Cloud computing, Large-scale climate simulations harnessing clusters, grid and cloud infrastructures, A test case on the usage of grid infrastructure in regional climate simulation, WRF4G: WRF experiment management made simple, Guaranteeing the Quality of Multidimensional Analysis in Data Warehouses of Simulation Results: Application to Pesticide Transfer Data Produced by the MACRO Model. We describe requirements that we believe any such mechanisms must satisfy and we discuss the importance of defining a compact set of intergrid protocols to enable interoperability among different Grid systems. Monthly Weather Review 115, 1606e1626. This platform can manage different types of underlying cloud infrastructure (e.g., private or public clouds), and enables geoscientists to test and leverage the cloud capabilities through a web interface. Our ensemble produces a range of regional changes much wider than indicated by traditional methods based on scaling the response patterns of an individual simulation. Spatial Data Warehouse (SDW) and Spatial OLAP (SOLAP) systems are Business Intelligence (BI) allowing for interactive multidimensional analysis of huge volumes of spatial data. GARUDA Visualization Gateway (GVG) tool is used to gather and visualize the outputs from different sites. Additionally, the platform also provides different geospatial cloud services, such as workflow as a service, on the top of common cloud services (e.g., infrastructure as a service) provided by general cloud platforms. . The simulation, however, continues to exhibit a number of long-standing biases, such as a tendency to produce double ITCZ-Iike structures in the deep Tropics. The most significant differences from the previous version of the model [Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3)] are associated with changes to the parameterized physics package. The diurnal analysis suggests that warm-season convection still starts too early in these new models and occurs too frequently at reduced intensity in some of the models. We maintain that Grid concepts and technologies complement and have much to contribute to these other approaches. This paper gives an overview of the LHCb computing model and addresses the challenges and experiences during DC06. ?o, Quantification of modelling uncertainties in a large ensemble of climate change simulations, A Security Architecture for Computational Grids, A Performance Based QoS Aware Resource Brokering Framework for the Grid, Tracing Resource Usage over Heterogeneous Grid Platforms: A Prototype RUS Interface for DGAS, Scientific workflow orchestration interoperating HTC and HPC resources. To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the authors. The rainfall response is clearly seasonally specific. The models reproduce the percentage of the contribution (to total precipitation) and frequency for moderate precipitation (10-20 mm day-1), but underestimate the contribution and frequency for heavy (>20 mm day-1) and overestimate them for light (<10 mm day-1) precipitation. We show that volunteer computing can support applications that are significantly more data-intensive, or have larger memory and storage requirements, than those in current projects. I summarize here the principal characteristics of the recent Web Services-based GT4 release, which provides significant improvements over previous releases in terms of robustness, performance, usability, documentation, standards compliance, and functionality. Grid computing is a group of networked computers which work together as a virtual supercomputer to perform large tasks, such as analysing huge sets of data or weather modeling. We demonstrate how the simulation results can be managed using DW technologies. One is an eddy-mediated process, in which a baroclinic response to thermal forcing induces and combines with changes in the position or strength of the storm tracks. The current availability of a variety of computing infrastructures including HPC, Grid and Cloud resources provides great computer power for many fields of science, but their common profit to accomplish large scientific experiments is still a challenge. However to cater to the ever increasing performance demands of grand challenge applications, it is imperative for the grid computing technologies to evolve and mature, to deliver services with highest QoS attached with them. Composites of vertical profiles of winds measured by wind profiling radars in Piura, as well as composites of NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis wind fields, suggest that rainy days are associated with an enhanced onshore westerly low-level flow, which may help the triggering of convection by orographic lifting over the western slope of the Andes. Those weaknesses made The Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) has recently been developed and released to the climate community. Models can output huge volumes of result data. First, we review the "Grid problem," which we define as flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resources-what we refer to as virtual organizations. CCSM3 can produce stable climate simulations of millenial duration without ad hoc adjustments to the fluxes exchanged among the component models. They performed ensemble simulations of a coupled climate model on the Teragrid , a US-based grid project sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We estimate a probability density function for the sensitivity of climate to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, and obtain a 5-95 per cent probability range of 2.4-5.4 degrees C. Our probability density function is constrained by objective estimates of the relative reliability of different model versions, the choice of model parameters that are varied and their uncertainty ranges, specified on the basis of expert advice. . It is found that all three models have a stronger response in the greenhouse effect of water vapor than that indicated in Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) observations. These biases include underestimation of tropical variability, errors in tropical oceanic surface fluxes, underestimation of implied ocean heat transport in the Southern Hemisphere, excessive surface stress in the storm tracks, and offsets in the 500-mb height field and the Aleutian low. A continental-scale signal is also apparent. Computations may involve hundreds of processes that must be able to acquire resources dynamically and communicate e#ciently. Two types of interactions govern the response. Our final conclusion is that, for certain class of experiments, RegCM4 model can be efficiently and easily integrated on Grid infrastructures, by means of the procedures described in this paper. . These techniques will drive the future of U.S. industry and scientific research. Moreover, the Rossby wave excitation also increases, so the effect of prescribed The variation of cloud radiative forcing during ENSO events exhibits much better agreement with satellite observations. shows use case scenarios fitting a wide range of meteorological applications from 12 Benefits of Cloud Computing Cloud computing has been around for approximately two decades and despite the data pointing to the business efficiencies, cost-benefits, and competitive advantages it holds, a large portion of the business community continues to operate without it. Assessment of the Benefits of Extending the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission: a Perspective from the Research and Operations Communities. China also made incredible contributions that reach 20 MT of CO 2, and 25,000 GWh of energy injected to the grid. However a common feature of all grids is the availability of massive parallel CPU capacity. the Mediterranean. This test experiment saved more than 75% of the execution time, compared to local resources. Similarly, North East cities are situated. Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (D12), D12102. How Does Grid Computing Work? "Grid" computing has emerged as an important new field, distinguished from conventional distributed computing by its focus on large-scale resource sharing, innovative applications, and, in some cases, high-performance orientation. Niña, the prescribed SST is warmer than the simulated SST in the northern subtropics, and the warmer SST differences continue The cities include Howrah, Vishakhapatnam, Madurai and Kochi. The overestimate is most severe in the T85 CAM3 (up to 36%). Williams, D.N., Drach, R., Ananthakrishnan, R., Foster, I.T., Fraser, D., Siebenlist, F., Bernholdt, D.E., Chen, M., Schwidder, J., Bharathi, S., Chervenak, A.L., Schuler, R., Su, M., Brown, D., Cinquini, L., Fox, P., Garcia, J., Middleton, D.E., Strand, W.G., Wilhelmi, N., Hankin, S., Schweitzer, R., Jones, P., Shoshani, A., Sim, A., 2009. The water cycle response to ENSO events is also very realistic. . and extratropics within the Pacific basin. You can request the full-text of this article directly from the authors on ResearchGate. . In general, the onset of the ENSO signal in rainfall commences far to the south and propagates latitudinally northward. Full access to explore any service you want. The ENSO mechanism is probably responsible for many of the well-established rainfall teleconnections over the continent, including the strong tendency for opposite anomalies in equatorial and southern Africa. This paper analyzes the unique security requirements of large-scale distributed (grid) computing and develops a security policy and a corresponding security architecture. models. From This memo is the official specification of the File TransferProtocol (FTP). The ensemble forecasting is a set of tasks which can run independently, where each task uses the same application but different parameter and/or input files. Water allocation from surface and groundwater sources has altered terrestrial discharge and storage, with large variability in time and space. Ensemble forecasts provide a qualitative tool for the assessment of weather and climate risk for a range of user applications, and on a range of time-scales, from days to decades. Anyone with a home PC could join climate modellers in their attempt to forecast how the Earth's climate will evolve in the next century. Finally, we discuss how Grid technologies relate to other contemporary technologies, including enterprise integration, application service provider, storage service provider, and peer-to-peer computing. They use computers which are part of the grid only when idle and operators can perform tasks unrelated to the grid at any time. Due to its intensive data processing and highly distributed organization, the multidisciplinary Earth Science applications Increasingly, for example, researchers must assemble and analyze large datasets that are archived in different formats on disparate platforms, and extract portions of datasets to compute statistical or diagnostic metrics 'in place'. the Grid infrastructure itself, had to be satisfied. Basic concept of Audit (with relevantSAs relating to this chap) 3. Its first attempt was to deploy large scale in silico docking on a public grid infrastructure. . Since NWP models are typically tightly coupled MPI applications, the research in this area exploit the use of ensemble techniques [15,16, Climate models and their evaluation. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Its climate is arid but can experience very heavy rainfall associated with the high nearby sea surface temperature (SST) during El Niño events. The enhancements in the model physics are designed to reduce or eliminate several systematic biases in the mean climate produced by previous editions of CCSM. This paper presents a spatiotemporal analysis methodology to estimate RES potential of municipalities. Results show that these changes have resulted in a modest improvement in the overall simulated climate; however, CAM3 continues to share many of the same biases exhibited by CCM3. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.The following new optional commands are included in this edition ofthe specification:CDUP (Change to Parent Directory), SMNT (Structure Mount), STOU(Store Unique), RMD (Remove Directory), MKD (Make Directory), PWD(Print Directory), and SYST (System).Note that this specification is compatible with the previous edition.1. and Vishakhapatnam. Comprehensive global climate models are the only tools that account for the complex set of processes which will determine future climate change at both a global and regional level. The harmonic method utilized by Ropelewski and Halpert is applied to 90 regionally averaged rainfall time series for the period 1901–1990. The dynamical simulation of the latest version of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3) is examined, including the seasonal variation of its mean state and its interannual variability. We note that some potentially important online implications, such as the effects of large reservoirs on land-atmospheric feedbacks, have not yet been fully investigated. The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) is an international effort to determine the systematic climate errors of atmospheric models under realistic conditions, and calls for the simulation of the climate of the decade 1979-1988 using the observed monthly averaged distributions of sea surface temperature and sea ice as boundary conditions. There is, however, a tendency for the tropical precipitation maxima to remain in the NH throughout the year, while precipitation tends to be less than indicated by satellite estimates along the equator. Our solution allows to transparently access and operate on, The huge data requirements of large nowadays applications, in science, engineering, and commerce, make efficient data placement an essential need. homogeneous zone is a strong indication of warming. This software is Climate models and their evaluation. These capabilities require that the Earth science community utilize, both in real and remote time, massive amounts of data, which are usually distributed among many different organizations and data centers. In such instances, the connection is controlled by the computer operator, such as peer to peer (P2P) file sharing networks. The DDC provides climate, socio-economic and environmental data, both from the past and also in scenarios projected into the future. This is apparent in the diverse ways in which weather forecasts are assessed by these two groups: root-mean-square error of 500 hPa height on the one hand; pounds, euros or dollars saved on the other.These differences of approach are changing with the development of ensemble forecasting. The observed patterns and magnitudes of upper-level divergent outflow are also well simulated by CAM3, a finding consistent with an improved and overall realistic simulation of tropical precipitation. At sea level, CAM3 reproduces the basic observed patterns of the pressure field. High resolution SFM at T320 resolution (Equivalent to 37 km x 37 km physical grid resolution) is also implemented to understand the scalability of the application on the Grid. There are a total of 14 pilot projects, out of which Mysore City pilot is the first project to be implemented. We maintain that Grid concepts and technologies complement and have much to contribute to these other approaches. We describe requirements that we believe any such mechanisms must satisfy, and we discuss the central role played by the intergrid protocols that enable interoperability among different Grid systems. In contrast, observed changes in tropical and subtropical precipitation and the atmospheric circulation changes associated with tropical interannual variability are well simulated. A new version of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) has been developed and released to the climate community. The largest regional differences over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) occur where the simulated highs over the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are too strong during boreal winter, and erroneously low pressures at higher latitudes are most notable over Europe and Eurasia. I think am eligible to answer this question as am currently working on the India’s first Smart Grid. forcing includes ENSO, the sensitivity to the meridional domain is more prominent, especially during La Niña events. Climate change negatively affects all four pillars of food security: availability, access, utilisation and stability. Water supply and allocation, therefore, should be considered with water demand and appropriately included in large-scale models to address various online and offline implications, with or without considering possible climate interactions. built, based on the use of two limited area models that are run using a multitude on initial and boundary conditions over A basic data mining application and an astronomy application are used as the basis of this study. The earth system grid: enabling access to multimodel climate simulation data. from the offerings of Grid technologies. In that perspective, they also consider that grid computing will play a fundamental role in defining how cloud services will be provided. Finally, the contributions of this thesis have been experimented and validated in the context of French national projetcts aimming at developping (S)OLAP applications for agriculture and environment. The aim of this paper is to describe the implementation of the Regional Climate Model (RegCM4.3) in the Moroccan Computing Grid Infrastructure MaGrid and the tests performed using MPI parallel jobs. We propose a modular framework to develop integrated models based on multiple hypotheses for data support, water resource management algorithms and host models in a unified uncertainty assessment framework. . Beyond the typical identification of suitable locations to build power plants, it is possible to define which of them are the best for a balanced local energy supply. Considering these findings with those highlighted in our companion paper, we note that advancements in computation and coupling techniques as well as improvements in natural and anthropogenic process representation and parameterization in host large-scale models, in conjunction with remote sensing and data assimilation can facilitate inclusion of water resource management at larger scales. The rainfall anomalies of the warm phase are nearly constant in phase, as are the SST anomalies in the Indian Ocean. . These tools have in turn been used to develop a wide range of both “Grid” infrastructures and distributed applications. . In such systems the quality ofanalysis mainly depends on three components : the quality of warehoused data, the quality of data aggregation, and the quality of data exploration. Access Visual Studio, Azure credits, Azure DevOps and many other resources for creating, deploying and managing applications. Following completion of the computational phase of AMIP in 1993, emphasis will shift to a series of diagnostic sub-projects, now being planned, for the detailed examination of model performance and the simulation of specific physical processes and phenomena. . meteorological subdivisions and homogeneous zones have been analyzed in State-of-the-art and emerging scientific applications require fast access to large quantities of data and commensurately fast computational resources. These data will be stored and made available in standard format by the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Here, we review the algorithms developed to represent the elements of water supply and allocation in land surface and global hydrologic models. significant level during 1969-2005 in Kochi and its subdivision and Some advantages of grid computing are: there is no need to buy expensive symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) servers for applications that can be split up and distributed to less powerful servers; much more efficient use of idle resources is made; grid environments are much more modular and don't have single points of failure; and jobs can be executed in parallel, speeding up the performance, ... A key advantage of grid computing is that it can effectively coordinate loosely coupled, heterogeneous, and geographically dispersed computing resources over multiple administrative domains to achieve a common computing goal (Jeffery, 2007;Schwiegelshohn et al., 2010). . Furthermore, an implementation of this framework, using the Weather Research and Forecasting system, is presented as a working example. Experiences with three practical meteorological applications with different Although these examples come from different application domains the applications will all need algorithms that have been developed so that they can be partitioned into independently running components, a proble… This model simulates hydrological transfers of pesticides at the plot scale. Spreadsheet tools (e.g., OpenOffice, MS Excel) can help to display and analyze model results, but they are not suitable for very large volumes of information. The DSC explores new applications related to the most cutting-edge grid and cloud technologies and is working to define some of the most powerful new computational techniques available. The potential for GRID computing in this area of research is largely unexplored. Bengal, Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu & Pondicherry and Kerala. Whereas, at Howrah and Vishakhapatnam, there are no Models help us to work through complicated problems and understand complex systems. I also introduce the new “dev.globus” community development process, which allows a larger community to contribute to the development of Globus software. To tackle such barriers, this research aims to design a hybrid cloud computing (HCC) platform that can utilize and integrate the computing resources across different organizations to build a unified geospatial cloud computing platform. It is shown that the surface wind convergences, associated with the zonally oriented double rainbands on both sides of the equator, also correspond to surface wind curls that are favorable to Ekman pumping immediately poleward of the rainbands. Further work is underway to increase the ensemble size. The promise of grid in the enterprise Grid computing will let enterprises use their IT resources more efficiently. A three-component mixed Gumbel distribution satisfactorily models the observed annual flood frequencies of rivers in northern Peru which display highly variable annual peak-flood characteristics corresponding to three sets of ocean-atmosphere conditions. The traditional approach can easily be scaled, and GRID computing can reduce computation times for large water resource systems. . . Sometimes rapid modeling and analysis is needed to deal with emergency environmental disasters. SFM is implemented on the GARUDA Infrastructure, a national Grid computing initiative of India. The reconstruction, stripping and analysis of the produced LHCb data will primarily place at the Tier-1 centres. In this paper we present an up-to-date description of the advantages and limitations of the Grid for climate applications (in particular global circulation models), analyzing the requirements and the new challenges posed to the Grid. Climate scientists face a wide variety of practical problems, but there is an overarching need to efficiently access and manipulate climate model data. We have achieved significant progress in accelerating the model execution and simplicity of starting jobs on the grid. . EURO-CORDEX is the European branch of the international CORDEX initiative, which is a program sponsored by the World Climate Research Program (WRCP) to organize an internationally coordinated frame, Most of the current day grid infrastructures operate on a best effort mode, in offering services to the end users. Meteorological Department (IMD) and climate projections from nine IPCC The warehoused data quality depends on elements such accuracy, comleteness and logical consistency. In To overcome this, most projects are run with fewer simulations, resulting in less-than-optimum solutions. In this work, we consider the rainy periods of December 1997 to April 1998 and March to April 2002, corresponding to very strong and weak to moderate El Niño conditions, respectively, and search for systematic differences in the atmospheric circulation that may account for the day-to-day variability of rainfall in Piura. Simulated surface pressures are higher than observed over the subtropics, however, an error consistent with an easterly bias in the simulated trade winds and low-latitude surface wind stress. We identify major sources of uncertainty in current simulations due to limitations in data support, water allocation algorithms, host large-scale models as well as propagation of various biases across the integrated modeling system. . Intro of Audit (with relevant SAs relating to this chap) 2. In addition, the Earth science community provides short- and medium-term prediction of weather and natural hazards in real time, and model simulations of a host of phenomena relating to the Earth and its space environment. can be used by a climate researcher to run ensemble-based predictions on the GRID for sensitivity studies. The magnitude, seasonal timing and duration, and consistency of the rainfall response to ENSO vary among the sectors and from episode to episode. We describe here the methods applied to port this package on the Grid infrastructures made available by the EU-IndiaGrid project. A powerful, low-code platform for building apps quickly, Get the SDKs and command-line tools you need, Use the development tools you know—including Eclipse, IntelliJ and Maven—with Azure, Continuously build, test, release and monitor your mobile and desktop apps. SAS Grid computing also reduced the amount of infrastructure and related maintenance effort needed while introducing scalability and offering the same type of cost-effective infrastructure benefit to the organization’s future needs. . CCSM3 is a coupled climate model with components representing the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface connected by a flux coupler. The management of the production of Monte Carlo data on the LCG was done using the DIRAC workload management system which in turn uses the WLCG infrastructure and middleware. 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The characteristics examined include the mean spatial patterns, intraseasonal-to-interannual and ENSO-related variability, convective versus stratiform precipitation ratio, precipitation frequency and intensity for different precipitation categories, and diurnal cycle. The most important thing I can suggest is to think across the spectrum. The magnitude of the CAM3 hydrological cycle is weaker than in earlier versions of the model, and is more consistent with observational estimates. The CAM3 simulation of tropical intraseasonal variability is quite poor. Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscilation. In this paper, the migration of a mixed optimization–simulation approach and preliminary applications to a water system in Southern Italy are presented. The main goal of the application is to provide a tool that are generally well captured on seasonal and longer time scales. The results show that considerable improvements in precipitation simulations are still desirable for the latest generation of the world's coupled climate models. While the climate for the entire globe can be modelled using a grid with normal-sized squares, the flexibly adjustable mesh makes it to a certain extent possible to zoom … Experiences with three practical meteorological applications with different meteorological subdivision or homogeneous zone, it is termed as weak. KeywordsEnsemble forecasting-Grid computing-Weather models. In this paper we explain a methodology where a parallel processing scheme is constructed to work in the Windows platform. Similarly, principal modes of extratropical variability bear considerable resemblance to those observed, although biases in the mean state degrade the simulated structure of the leading mode of NH atmospheric variability. Cisco on Cisco: Business Benefits Benefits ... •2006: VFrame software tools supports grid computing ... IPCC IP Phone Video Coll Delivery abor atio n Lay e r PLM CRM ERP HCM Procurement SCM Infrastructure Services Infrastructure Management Application Networking Services Cisco Offerings In this paper, we present The IPCC WGI snapshot was collected at ETH Zurich to support the IPCC WGI AR5 assessment process, including the production of CMIP5-based figures in the WGI AR5 report. . We present results of improving application performance through data placement optimisations. Copyright c � 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. There are significant improvements in the sea ice thickness, polar radiation budgets, tropical sea surface temperatures, and cloud radiative effects. . The Dissemination Up to 1,700 computers were simultaneously used in 15 countries around the world. This paper will show results from the configuration used for climate-change simulations with a T85 grid for atmosphere and land and a 1-degree grid for ocean and sea-ice. Large-scale hydrologic models are being used more and more in watershed management and decision making. A positive feedback mechanism is then described for the amplification of the double ITCZ in the coupled models from initial biases in stand-alone atmospheric models through the following chain of interactions: precipitation (atmospheric latent heating), surface wind convergences, surface wind curls, Ekman pumping, South Equatorial Counter Current, and eastward advection of ocean temperature. We report here on the Globus striped GridFTP framework, a set of client and server libraries designed to support the construction of data-intensive tools and applications. As in previous generations of coupled models, the rainfall double ITCZs are related to westward expansion of the cold tongue of sea surface temperature (SST) that is observed only over the equatorial eastern Pacific but extends to the central Pacific in the models. This process can lead to an equivalent barotropic response that feeds back positively on the ocean mixed layer temperature.