How might they be revised to better meet the SMART criteria? Most individual country objectives did not meet the SMART criteria of being specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and results-oriented, and time-bound. This report is part of the RAND Corporation research report series. DoD security cooperation, which includes DoD-administered security assistance programs and international armaments cooperation, will be undertaken to … SC uses a combination of programs and activities by which DOD, in coordination with Description of Operations Financed (cont.) This research was sponsored by the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Security Cooperation and conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence Community. SMART objectives did not adequately serve as a foundation for security cooperation assessment, monitoring, and evaluation. Use Adobe Acrobat Reader version 10 or higher for the best experience. Objectives For students to summarize the DoD interactions with international partners, known as Security Cooperation (SC), and recognize the totality of policy, planning, assessment, monitoring, execution, evaluation, and end-use control processes associated with … We determined whether the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA)—Security Assistance Accounts (SAA) September 30, 2017, balance sheet was accurate and whether the DSCA and Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) implemented effective controls over financial reporting for the SAAs. State Department Role How can U.S. Department of Defense security cooperation guidance and planning be improved? - Our FMS - Systems Acquisition JST provides practical advice on how to integrate FMS systems acquisition-related activities at the PMO/IPT level. DSCA’s mission is to advance U.S. national security and foreign policy interests by building the capacity of foreign security forces to respond to shared challenges. Subject to subsection (c), the Secretary of Defense is authorized to support other departments and agencies of the United States Government for the purpose of implementing or supporting foreign assistance programs and activities described in subsection (b) that advance security cooperation objectives of the Department of Defense. To help ensure that limited security cooperation resources are properly directed for greatest effect, the U.S. Department of Defense has highlighted the need to develop security cooperation objectives that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and results-oriented, and time-bound (SMART). DAU does not charge DoD Components for faculty and staff time spent on Mission Assistance support efforts; it only asks that the organization requesting the assistance fund any travel or other incidental costs involved. More Our Values RAND reports present research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. USG/DoD Security Cooperation efforts provide U.S.-origin defense equipment, logistics support, and training to our allies and friends around the globe in support USG/DoD national security and defense strategic objectives. Ongoing changes in the geopolitical landscape and increasing public skepticism of the return on investment for security cooperation, including from President-elect Donald Trump, underscore the need for the new administration and Congress to work … DoD Directive 5132.03 provides DoD-wide policy and describes DoD organizational responsibilities regarding Security Cooperation activities. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Guidance Documents: DoD Directive 5132.03 -- DoD Policy and Responsibilities Relating to Security Cooperation BPC transactions are normally referred to as "pseudo-FMS cases". 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DoD Security Cooperation includes International Armaments Cooperation (IAC) activities as well as the various elements of Security Assistance, including Foreign Military Sales (FMS) and Building Partner Capacity (BPC). To what extent are current security cooperation objectives appropriately specified, aligned, prioritized, and measured? FMS transactions are implemented through FMS Letters of Offer and Acceptance (LOAs), often referred to as "FMS cases." The Defense Security Cooperation Agency . The Pardee RAND Graduate School (PRGS.edu) is the largest public policy Ph.D. program in the nation and the only program based at an independent public policy research organization—the RAND Corporation. To what extent do the security cooperation objectives used by U.S. European Command, U.S. Pacific Command, and U.S. Southern Command meet the SMART criteria of being specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and results-oriented, and time-bound? Theater engagement and theater security cooperation have been part of DOD’s lexicon for well over a decade. The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) should provide SMART criteria and prioritization guidance to combatant commands and evaluate their performance accordingly. Please turn on JavaScript and try again. DoD Security Cooperation is defined in Joint Pub 1-02: All DoD interactions with foreign defense establishments to build defense relationships that promote specific US security interests, develop allied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations, and provide US forces with peacetime and contingency access to a host nation. OSD and the Joint Staff should work with combatant commands to create a SMART security cooperation planning system centered around country plans. The SMART concept has been used for several decades in the private sector to develop objectives that facilitate assessment, monitoring, and evaluation. The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. These objectives include developing specific partner capabilities, building alliances and … Combatant command security cooperation planning could benefit from greater standardization. Drawing upon decades of experience, RAND provides research services, systematic analysis, and innovative thinking to a global clientele that includes government agencies, foundations, and private-sector firms. e. It looks like your browser does not have JavaScript enabled. The 2005 SCG provided the combatant commands with SC objectives, ways to conduct SC, and priority countries. Translating security cooperation goals into effective action is challenging, given the multitude of stakeholders, changing political and security environments, and resource limitations. cooperation (SC) to refer broadly to DOD interactions with foreign security establishments. DoD Directive 5200.41E, “DoD Regional Centers for Security Studies,” June 30, 2016, states that the RCs support U.S. defense strategy objectives and policy priorities through: offering executive development, strategic security studies (to program participants), research, and outreach that foster long-term collaborative relationships; This report evaluates DoD's effectiveness in developing SMART security cooperation objectives. Date Changes; December 6-12, 2020. Although most country plan objectives failed the SMART test, country plans overall and other supporting documents showed more-positive results. ACQ 101 Lesson 4 Exam (ALL ANSWERS ARE CORRECT) 1) The Defense Security Cooperation Agency asks a Military Department to engage their acquisition counterparts in allied and friendly nations regarding the potential benefits of acquiring an upgraded U.S. system that could provide additional coalition capability in the region in order to bolster the U.S. influence in the region. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2016. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1430.html. Assistant Policy Researcher, RAND; Ph.D. Student, Pardee RAND Graduate School, by Michael J. McNerney, Jefferson P. Marquis, S. Rebecca Zimmerman, Ariel Klein. McNerney, Michael J., Jefferson P. Marquis, S. Rebecca Zimmerman, and Ariel Klein, Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center, Autonomous Vehicles and the Future of Auto Insurance, Command and Control in U.S. OSD and the Joint Staff should work with combatant commands to establish a common theater planning hierarchy for security cooperation objectives, with standard terminology and a standard SMART objective review process. The NDAA did not identify from where within DOD’s budget such transfers would be derived but specified that the authority may only be used when foreign assistance programming is necessary for the effectiveness of DOD security cooperation and cannot be carried out by DOD. Upon request, DSMC-International is also available to provide, International Acquisition & Exportability (IA&E) Overview, International Acquisition Career Path (IACP), IA&E Job Support Tools (JSTs) and Lessons Learned, Ask a Question / Share an Idea (Login required). The U.S. Department of Defense should incorporate the SMART concept more formally into security cooperation training. OSD should establish a security cooperation framework that links SMART objectives to assessment, monitoring, and evaluation processes and requirements at the strategic and country level. SC activities include transferring defense articles and services, military-to-military exercises, ministerial advising, and train and equip programs. IA&E Assessment results should be used to establish the international involvement aspects of a program’s initial Acquisition Strategy. Programs should conduct an IA&E Assessment as early as possible in a program’s lifecycle to collect information and assess factors that affect international considerations and potential foreign involvement including interoperability requirements, program protection considerations, cooperative opportunities, and international markets. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. Subscribe to the weekly Policy Currents newsletter to receive updates on the issues that matter most. C1.1. Security cooperation enables the United States to deepen its global alliances and partnerships in pursuit of common security objectives. The Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) administers the FMS program. The purchasing government pays all costs associated with a sale. Also available in print form. advance DOD security cooperation objectives. Creating SMART country objectives is not enough. Please note that you should expect to receive a response from our team, regarding your inquiry, within 2 business days. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Security Cooperation Relationships SC Related Activities and Operations Department of Defense (DOD) policy supports SC activities that enable building security relationships, building partner capacity, and gaining/maintaining access. How do stakeholders interpret security cooperation guidance, and do they find it sufficiently clear, detailed, and flexible? The SMART concept has been used for several decades in the private sector to develop objectives that … The program is now overseen by the Defense Security Cooperation Agency through the Defense Security Cooperation University and the Institute for Security Governance. The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) published documents titled Security Cooperation Guidance (SCG) in April 2003 and November 2005. In particular, most objectives were not yet measureable or time-bound, and their achievability could not be determined. Our goal is to advance this understanding throughout the Department of Defense, so that all personnel understand the role of gender in our operations … Understanding of the SMART concept varied among stakeholders. It also proposes a systematic approach to developing security cooperation objectives for use by policymakers, planners, program managers, and resource managers. Combatant command security cooperation planning was "SMARTer" than individual country objectives. To help ensure that limited security cooperation resources are properly directed for greatest effect, the U.S. Department of Defense has highlighted the need to develop security cooperation objectives that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and results-oriented, and time-bound (SMART). xii SMART Security Cooperation Objectives: Improving DoD Planning and Guidance Security cooperation objectives are the foundation of a system that allows policymakers and planners to assess foreign defense part- ners, monitor the performance of security cooperation programs, and … May 8, 2019 — Objective. Defense Security Cooperation Agency Operation and Maintenance, Defense-Wide Fiscal Year (FY) 2021 Budget Estimates I. The entire security cooperation planning system needs to follow a SMART approach, with different levels of detail linking broad end states to concrete tasks. Combatant commands should integrate security cooperation elements of planning under a single authority. Contact DSMC-I at the following e-mail address -- InternationalHelp@dau.mil -- if your organization is interested in obtaining Sales and Transfers-related Mission Assistance support. The primary source of day-to-day guidance on Security Assistance and BPC policies and practices is the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA)-issued Security Assistance Management Manual (eSAMM). Department of Defense security cooperation program information, not published on ForeignAssistance.gov, will be published on this site in the interests of improved transparency. However, countervailing priorities in the current U.S. administration challenge this formulation. History. For the most part, communication of the SMART concept was informal and ad hoc. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Coordinates oversight of CWMD research, development, and acquisition activities with the USD(P), USD(P&R), Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, and Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. - Our International Cooperative Program (ICP) JST provides practical advice on how to identify IAC opportunities and establish/implement DoD Component ICPs from a PMO/IPT perspective. Historically programs with a significant level of projec… Combatant commands have different objective hierarchies, and they do not define their terms in the same way. DSCA Policy Memo 20-56, Pre-Case Review (PCR)* Policy --- Objectives and Requirements has been posted. - Security Cooperation (SC) C1.1.1. Responsibility and priority for developing country objectives differed by combatant command. McNerney, Michael J., Jefferson P. Marquis, S. Rebecca Zimmerman, and Ariel Klein, SMART Security Cooperation Objectives: Improving DoD Planning and Guidance. The authors present a detailed evaluation of the extent to which the security cooperation objectives used by U.S. European Command, U.S. Pacific Command, and U.S. Southern Command meet the SMART criteria, and they recommend changes to improve DoD security cooperation guidance and planning. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. The DAU/Defense Systems Management College-International (DSMC-I) faculty has developed four JSTs that are specifically designed to assist Program Management Offices (PMOs) and their supporting Integrated Product Team (IPT) personnel in the identification, assessment, development, negotiation, and implementation of Security Cooperation-related defense acquisition workforce efforts: - Our International Acquisition and Exportability (IA&E) Assessment JST and companion Acquisition Strategy – International Considerations JST focus on PMO/IPT level IAC, Security Assistance (FMS), and BPC-related planning and implementation efforts. DSCA administers security cooperation programs that support U.S. policy interests and objectives identified by the White House, Department of Defense, and Department of State. Security cooperation is a force multiplier for the Department of Defense, developing and fostering a network of partners and allies, as well as improving the effectiveness of those partnerships. DSCA-2 assessment, monitoring, and evaluation of security cooperation activities and continue to implement a workforce development program targeting all Department of Defense DoD Security Cooperation is defined in Joint Pub 1-02: All DoD interactions with foreign … An overarching policy document, nested within DoD policies on acquisition (DoDD 5000.01) and security cooperation (DoDD 5132.03), is needed to articulate the policy objectives of IAC, outline processes that equitably integrate acquisition and international cooperation objectives, and clarify roles and responsibilities for involved stakeholders. The 2018 National Defense Strategy elevated security cooperation in stressing the importance of "Strengthening alliances and attracting new partners." Manage bilateral and multilateral fora to promote international cooperative programs and facilitate DoD access to new technology; and. DSCA leads the broader U.S. security cooperation enterprise in its efforts to train, educate, advise, and equip foreign partners. Most DoD Security Cooperation policy, organization, and activities (other than IAC) are led and managed by USD(Policy) rather than USD(Acquisition & Sustainment) and USD(Research & Engineering), but many U.S. Government/DoD Security Cooperation activities are implemented through USD(A&S), USD(R&E), and DoD Component acquisition-related IA&E efforts. DoD defines and validates requirements through the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) and develops technology, produces weapons systems, and provides logistics support though the Defense Acquisition System. Ultimately, security cooperation funds improve the Department’s ability to promote global security Develop and oversee the implementation of defense policies on international cooperation in coordination with U.S. government agencies, foreign governments, and … The Military Departments and Defense agencies are responsible for daily operational Objective: All defense security personnel that are in positions that require ... Security is a mission critical function of the Department of Defense (DoD). In response to concerns raised by the security cooperation community and in an effort to support continuous process improvement within the FMS process, this memorandum revises the Security Assistance Management Manual (SAMM) to … 10 … Upon request, DSMC-International is also available to provide Mission Assistance support on a space-available basis to DoD Component International Program Organizations (IPOs) and PMOs/IPTs involved in Sales and Transfers efforts. Definition and Purpose. 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